Urothelial carcinoma occurring in a defunctionalized bladder after urinary diversion due to the bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex.

Introduction: The bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex is a rare congenital disease. Urothelial carcinomas rarely occur in patients with this disease, and there have been few reports on its treatment. Case presentation: We report the case of a 44-year-old man with a hemorrhage from the external urethral meatus. He was diagnosed with bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex and underwent urinary diversion with substitution cystoplasty and Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy. Because computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging suggested invasive bladder carcinoma in the defunctionalized bladder, we performed a cystectomy. The patient was diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation. One month after the surgery, nivolumab adjuvant chemotherapy was administered. The patient showed no signs of recurrence or metastasis after the treatment. Conclusion: This is the first case of adjuvant nivolumab therapy for urothelial carcinoma with the bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex.

Recent Advances in Adjuvant Therapy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

After the successful development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for the treatment of advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), these innovative treatment options are rapidly being applied in the adjuvant setting for early-stage NSCLC. Some adjuvants that have recently been approved include osimertinib for epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated tumors and atezolizumab and pembrolizumab for selected patients with resectable NSCLC. Numerous studies on various targeted therapies and immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy are currently ongoing in the adjuvant setting. However, several questions regarding optimal strategies for adjuvant treatment remain unanswered. The present review summarizes the available literature, focusing on recent advances and ongoing trials with targeted therapy and immunotherapy in the adjuvant treatment of early-stage NSCLC.

Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 on the journey of high-risk colon cancer patients within the scope of the Unified Health System in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Colon cancer is an important cause of mortality related to cancer. During the COVID-19 pandemic, an important reallotment of assistance resources was necessary to tackle the crisis, directly impacting medical practice all over the globe. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic on the time between diagnosis and the beginning of systemic treatment in patients diagnosed with high-risk colon neoplasia. METHODS: This is a retrospective study based on the analysis of medical records of patients diagnosed with colon neoplasia who required systemic treatment and were treated between March 2019 and March 2022, in a reference Oncology unit of the Brazilian Unified Health System. The study's population was divided into two groups: (I) Pre-COVID-19: diagnoses made between March 2019 and February 2020, (II) COVID-19: diagnoses made between March 2020 and March 2022. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 228 patients, 108 (47.97%) of whom were diagnosed during pre-COVID-19 and 118 (52.21%) diagnosed during the two years-period of COVID-19. Regarding the time between colonoscopy and surgery, the time between surgery and first consultation in clinical oncology, and the time between requesting and beginning of systemic treatment, a statistically significant reduction was observed during the COVID-19 period. CONCLUSION: A decrease in time between diagnosis and systemic treatment of patients with colorectal cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic was observed. Yet, even with this improvement, the time to begin treatment remains greater than the recommended by the current guidelines, regardless of the time of diagnosis (before or after the pandemic), which negatively impacts the disease outcome.

Body Mass Index As A Prognostic Factor In HER-2 Positive Early Breast Cancer Patients And Its Effect On Duration Of Treatment With Trastuzumab: A Retrospective Study.

Objectives: To evaluate prognostic value of body mass index in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive early breast cancer, and to evaluate the duration of trastuzumab administration. Method: The retrospective study was conducted from March 2020 to December 2021 at Kafrelsheikh University Hospital and Zagazig University Hospital, Egypt, and comprised data of women diagnosed between 2015 and 2017 with stage III human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positivebreast cancer, who were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab for a year. Body massindex had been calculated at the time of diagnosis, and data was divided into 3 groups: average weight group A, overweight group B and obese group C. Disease-free survival, distant disease-free survival and overall survival were estimated for all the three groups. Data was analysed using SPSS 26. RESULTS: The mean age of 160 cases was 44.99±11.35 years(range: 25-66 years). There were 93(58.1) postmenopausal women, 60(37.5%) had positive family history and 128 (80%) underwent modified radical mastectomy. There were 60(37.5%) patients in group A, 49(30.6%) in group B and 51(31.9%) in group C. There was significant association of body mass index with disease-free survival and distant disease-free survival (p<0.05), but not with overall survival (p>0.05). Significant difference was noted between body mass index and duration of trastuzumab (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Body massindex wasfound to be an independent prognostic factor for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positiveearly breast cancer.

Benefits of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Clinical T3-4N0 Rectal Cancer After Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy.

While the guidelines for adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for colon cancer are relatively standardized, those for early rectal cancer are still lacking. We therefore evaluated the role of AC in clinical stage II rectal cancer treatment after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Patients diagnosed with early rectal cancer (defined by clinical stage T3/4, N0) who completed CRT followed by surgery were enrolled in this retrospective study. To evaluate the role of AC, we analyzed the risk of recurrence and survival based on clinicopathologic parameters and adjuvant chemotherapy. Of the 112 patients, 11 patients (9.8%) experienced recurrence and five patients (4.8%) died. In a multivariate analysis, circumferential resection margin involvement (CRM+) on magnetic resonance imaging at diagnosis, CRM involvement following neoadjuvant therapy (ypCRM+), tumor regression grade (≤G1) and no-AC were considered poor prognostic factors for recurrence free survival (RFS). In addition, ypCRM+ and no-AC were associated with poor overall survival (OS) in the multivariate analysis. AC including 5-FU monotherapy demonstrated the benefits of reduced recurrence and prolonged survival in clinical stage II rectal cancer, even in pathologic stage following neoadjuvant therapy (ypStage) 0-I. Further prospective studies are needed to verify the benefit of each regimen of AC and the development of a method that can accurately predict CRM status before surgery, and a vigorous treatment that can induce CRM non-involvement (CRM-) should be considered even in early stages of rectal cancer.

Identification and validation of a novel prognostic model based on platinum resistance-related genes in bladder cancer

ABSTRACT Background: The depth of response to platinum in urothelial neoplasm tissues varies greatly. Biomarkers that have practical value in prognosis stratification are increasingly needed. Our study aimed to select a set of BC (bladder cancer)-related genes involved in both platinum resistance and survival, then use these genes to establish the prognostic model. Materials and Methods: Platinum resistance-related DEGs (differentially expressed genes) and tumorigenesis-related DEGs were identified. Ten most predictive co-DEGs were acquired followed by building a risk score model. Survival analysis and ROC (receiver operating characteristic) plot were used to evaluate the predictive accuracy. Combined with age and tumor stages, a nomogram was generated to create a graphical representation of survival rates at 1-, 3-, 5-, and 8-year in BC patients. The prognostic performance was validated in three independent BC datasets with platinum-based chemotherapy. The potential mechanism was explored by enrichment analysis. Results: PPP2R2B, TSPAN7, ATAD3C, SYT15, SAPCD1, AKR1B1, TCHH, AKAP12, AGLN3, and IGF2 were selected for our prognostic model. Patients in high- and low-risk groups exhibited a significant survival difference with HR (hazard ratio) = 2.7 (p < 0.0001). The prognostic nomogram of predicting 3-year OS (overall survival) for BC patients could yield an AUC (area under the curve) of 0.819. In the external validation dataset, the risk score also has a robust predictive ability. Conclusion: A prognostic model derived from platinum resistance-related genes was constructed, we confirmed its value in predicting platinum-based chemotherapy benefits and overall survival for BC patients. The model might assist in therapeutic decisions for bladder malignancy.

Chemotherapy refusal and subsequent survival in healthy older women with high genomic risk estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer (BC), and high-risk 21-gene recurrence score (RS) results benefit from chemotherapy. We evaluated chemotherapy refusal and survival in healthy older women with high-RS, ER-positive BC. METHODS: Retrospective review of the National Cancer Database (2010-2017) identified women ≥ 65 years of age, with ER-positive, HER2-negative, high-RS (≥ 26) BC. Patients with Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 1, stage III/IV disease, or incomplete data were excluded. Women were compared by chemotherapy receipt or refusal using the Cochrane-Armitage test, multivariable logistical regression modeling, the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox's proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS: 6827 women met study criteria: 5449 (80%) received chemotherapy and 1378 (20%) refused. Compared to women who received chemotherapy, women who refused were older (71 vs 69 years), were diagnosed more recently (2014-2017, 67% vs 61%), and received radiation less frequently (67% vs 71%) (p ≤ 0.05). Refusal was associated with decreased 5-year OS for women 65-74 (92% vs 95%) and 75-79 (85% vs 92%) (p ≤ 0.05), but not for women ≥ 80 years old (84% vs 91%; p = 0.07). On multivariable analysis, hazard of death increased with refusal overall (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04-1.2); but, when stratified by age, was not increased for women ≥ 80 years (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.80-1.51). CONCLUSIONS: Among healthy women with high-RS, ER-positive BC, chemotherapy refusal was associated with decreased OS for women ages 65-79, but did not impact the OS of women ≥ 80 years old. Genomic testing may have limited utility in this population, warranting prudent shared decision-making and further study.

Update on Adjuvant Treatment in Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Potential Biomarkers Predicting Postoperative Relapse.

A significant proportion of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is diagnosed in the early and resectable stage. Despite the use of platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy, there was only a marginal increase in overall survival and a 15% decrease in relapse. With the advents of immunotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), the landscape of adjuvant treatment in completely resectable NSCLC is changing. Postoperative radiotherapy can be beneficial to patients who underwent surgical resection in certain clinical settings. In addition, new biomarkers that predict efficacy of EGFR TKI and immunotherapy as adjuvant treatment are also necessary. In this review, recent updates in adjuvant treatment in resectable NSCLC were briefly explained.

Clinical Features and Prognostic Factors of Cervical Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis of 74 Cases from a Tertiary Hospital.

The retrospective study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, primary treatment, and prognosis of cervical clear cell adenocarcinoma in a tertiary referral center. The medical data of cervical clear cell adenocarcinoma patients treated in our institution between 1993 and 2020 were reviewed. Their clinical characteristics and information on treatment and follow-up were collected. Seventy-four cases were included. Six early-stage patients successfully preserved their fertility. Forty-five patients underwent a radical hysterectomy. Patients with pathological risk factors all received adjuvant treatment including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and chemoradiation. Fifteen patients without risk factors underwent surveillance and five patients received adjuvant chemotherapy for poorly differentiated disease. Twenty cases had radiation for primary treatment. Six of them underwent surgery after chemoradiotherapy, and five had pathological residual disease, including three who had pathological risk factors. The median follow-up interval was 36 months, with a 3-year OS and PFS rate of 82.4% and 81.4%, respectively. No recurrence or death was observed in patients with fertility-sparing treatment. FIGO stage was prognostic factors of PFS (P = .001) and OS(P = .006) and lymph node status was that of PFS (P = .023). FIGO stage and lymph node status were prognostic factors for survival. Fertility-sparing treatment is a safe option for young patients in early stage. Early-stage patients without risk factors may benefit from postoperative surveillance. Occult tumor after chemoradiotherapy is common, and surgical resection is recommended when operable residual disease is detected.

Efficacy and Safety of Mitomycin Gel (UGN-101) as an Adjuvant Therapy After Complete Endoscopic Management of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma.

PURPOSE: We describe a novel application of the reverse thermal polymer gel of mitomycin C (UGN-101) as adjuvant therapy after complete endoscopic ablation of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients treated with UGN-101 from 15 high-volume centers. Adjuvant therapy was defined as treatment administered following visually complete endoscopic ablation. Response at primary endoscopic evaluation was defined as no visual tumor or negative biopsy. Ipsilateral disease-free and progression-free survival were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Ureteral stenosis and other adverse events were abstracted from the medical records. Ureteral stenosis was defined as a condition requiring ureteral stent or nephrostomy, or that would typically warrant stent or nephrostomy. RESULTS: Adjuvant UGN-101 after complete endoscopic ablation was used in 52 of 115 (45%) renal units in the oncologic analysis. At first endoscopic evaluation, 36/52 (69%) were without visible disease. At 6.8 months' median follow-up, the ipsilateral disease-free rate was 63%. Recurrence after adjuvant UGN-101 therapy was more likely in multifocal tumors compared to unifocal (HR 3.3, 95% CI 1.07-9.91). Compared with UGN-101 treatment for chemoablation of measurable disease, there were significantly fewer disease detections with adjuvant therapy (P < .001). Ureteral stenosis after UGN-101 was diagnosed in 10 patients (19%) undergoing adjuvant therapy compared to 17 (29%) undergoing chemoablative therapy (P = .28). CONCLUSIONS: In patients being considered for UGN-101, maximal endoscopic ablation prior to UGN-101 treatment may result in fewer patients with disease at first endoscopy and possibly fewer adverse events than primary chemoablative therapy. Longer follow-up is needed to determine if UGN-101 after complete endoscopic ablation will lead to durable disease-free interval.

Routine four-quadrant cavity shaving at the time of wide local excision for breast cancer reduces re-excision rate.

INTRODUCTION: Breast conservation therapy (BCT) has been shown to have comparable long-term survival outcomes when compared with mastectomy. Clearance of excision margin is one of the mainstays of the surgical treatment, which if not achieved at the first operation of BCT results in the need for subsequent surgery. METHODS: This study evaluated the impact of routinely taken cavity shavings on re-excision rates. This retrospective two-centre study describes the use of routine four-quadrant cavity shaving in 449 patients with consecutively treated with wide local excision for invasive cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ. RESULTS: The overall incomplete excision rate was 10.6%. Routine cavity shaving prevented the need for re-excision in 84 patients (18.7%) and identified the need for further re-excision in 33 patients (7.3%). Median time from surgery to radiotherapy was 50 days (range 13-209) for non-re-excised patients versus 78 days (range 47-260) for re-excised patients (p<0.001). Median time to chemotherapy (n=75) was 44 days (range 14-106) for non-re-excised patients versus 56 days (range 35-116) for re-excised patients (p=0.017). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that routine cavity shaving decreases re-excision rate in patients treated with wide local excision and prevents delays to adjuvant treatment due to incomplete excision.

Cost-effectiveness of Adjuvant Pembrolizumab After Nephrectomy for High-risk Renal Cell Carcinoma: Insights for Patient Selection From a Markov Model.

PURPOSE: The KEYNOTE-564 trial demonstrated that adjuvant pembrolizumab after nephrectomy for clear cell renal cell carcinoma decreased the risk of disease progression and potentially overall mortality as well. Herein, we used a Markov model to weigh the costs, toxicities, and efficacy of pembrolizumab to further investigate its utility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Decision-analytic Markov modeling was used to conduct a cost-utility analysis of adjuvant pembrolizumab versus observation after nephrectomy for high-risk clear cell renal cell carcinoma, using data from KEYNOTE-564 to inform model probabilities. Primary outcomes were quality-adjusted life years, Medicare costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. The willingness-to-pay threshold utilized was $100,000/quality-adjusted life year. RESULTS: At 5 years, adjuvant treatment with pembrolizumab resulted in 0.3 additional quality-adjusted life years at an additional cost of $99,484 relative to observation. Pembrolizumab was found not to be cost-effective at a 5-year time horizon (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio=$326,534). On sensitivity analysis, pembrolizumab became cost-effective if its per cycle cost was <$5,064 (base=$10,278) or its 5-year progression benefit was >18.8% (base 9%). Upon simulation, pembrolizumab was cost-effective for 29% of patients at 5 years. Specifically, we found that pembrolizumab would be cost-effective at 5 years for patients with at least a 59% 5 year risk of progression, which corresponds to a Mayo Progression-free Survival Score ≥10. CONCLUSIONS: At current prices, adjuvant pembrolizumab was found to be cost-effective only for the highest risk subset of clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients 5 years after treatment, including patients with complete metastasectomy, regional lymph node involvement, or ≥7cm pT3 tumors with sarcomatoid features. Longer-term trial data, including overall survival results, are necessary to confirm these extrapolations.

Identification and validation of a novel prognostic model based on platinum Resistance-related genes in bladder cancer.

BACKGROUND: The depth of response to platinum in urothelial neoplasm tissues varies greatly. Biomarkers that have practical value in prognosis stratification are increasingly needed. Our study aimed to select a set of BC (bladder cancer)-related genes involved in both platinum resistance and survival, then use these genes to establish the prognostic model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Platinum resistance-related DEGs (differentially expressed genes) and tumorigenesis-related DEGs were identified. Ten most predictive co-DEGs were acquired followed by building a risk score model. Survival analysis and ROC (receiver operating characteristic) plot were used to evaluate the predictive accuracy. Combined with age and tumor stages, a nomogram was generated to create a graphical representation of survival rates at 1-, 3-, 5-, and 8-year in BC patients. The prognostic performance was validated in three independent BC datasets with platinum-based chemotherapy. The potential mechanism was explored by enrichment analysis. RESULTS: PPP2R2B, TSPAN7, ATAD3C, SYT15, SAPCD1, AKR1B1, TCHH, AKAP12, AGLN3, and IGF2 were selected for our prognostic model. Patients in high- and low-risk groups exhibited a significant survival difference with HR (hazard ratio) = 2.7 (p < 0.0001). The prognostic nomogram of predicting 3-year OS (overall survival) for BC patients could yield an AUC (area under the curve) of 0.819. In the external validation dataset, the risk score also has a robust predictive ability. CONCLUSION: A prognostic model derived from platinum resistance-related genes was constructed, we confirmed its value in predicting platinum-based chemotherapy benefits and overall survival for BC patients. The model might assist in therapeutic decisions for bladder malignancy.

Exploration of risk factors and establishment of nomograms model for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in stage Ⅰ gastric cancer / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To identify the risk factors associated with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage I gastric cancer and establish nomograms model based on risk factors.Methods:In this retrospective case-control study, 161 cases with stage Ⅰ primary gastric adenocarcinoma were included who underwent gastrectomy at the Department of General Surgery of the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January to December in 2020, including 129 male cases and 32 females cases, with the average age of (59.90±0.80) years. Among them, 41 cases were treated with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (chemotherapy group), while 120 cases who did not receive postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (no chemotherapy group). Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage Ⅰ gastric cancer patients and establish the nomograms predictive model. ROC curve and calibration curve were used to evaluate the performance of the model.Results:Multivariate analysis revealed that primary tumor site, tumor size, T stage, N stage lymph-vascular tumor embolus or perineural invasion were the independent risk factors of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for stage Ⅰ gastric cancer( P<0.05). The ROC curve indicated that area under the curve (AUC) of the multivariate model was 0.91(95% CI: 0.86-0.97). The calibration curve showed that probability predicted by nomograms was consistent with the actual situation(C-index: 0.91). Conclusions:The tumor located in the proximal stomach, tumor size>2 cm, T 2, N 1, lymph-vascular tumor embolus or perineural invasion maybe be the risk factors for chemotherapy decision in stage Ⅰ gastric cancer patients. The established model has good predictive ability for postoperative chemotherapy of stage Ⅰ gastric cancer patients, which might provide reference for the selection of clinical decisions in this part of patients.

Caracterización sobre los pacientes operados de cáncer colorrectal tratados con quimioterapia adyuvante en Camagüey

Introducción: El cáncer colorrectal es un problema de salud creciente en el mundo, el aumento en la expectativa de vida de las poblaciones, el continuo mejoramiento de las técnicas de tamizaje y la búsqueda activa de casos, son las razones por las cuales cada año se informa un aumento en el número global de casos diagnosticados con cáncer. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes operados de cáncer colorrectal tratados con quimioterapia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal, en pacientes atendidos en la consulta multidisciplinaria de cáncer colorrectal. El universo lo conformaron todos los pacientes que acudieron a consulta en ese período, la muestra a criterio de los autores la conformaron 55 pacientes tratados con quimioterapia adyuvantes por cáncer colorrectal. La fuente primaria de la investigación estuvo dada por la historia clínica. Resultados: En cuanto a la relación sexo y edad, se observó una mayor frecuencia del grupo de 70-79 años y en el sexo femenino. Según la localización topográfica existió predominio en colon sigmoides con 33 pacientes para un 60 % de la muestra estudiada. La variante histológica adenocarcinoma moderadamente diferenciado fue la de mayor presentación. Predominaron los pacientes en estadio IIIa de la enfermedad. El esquema de quimioterapia usado con mayor frecuencia fue el Folfox. Conclusiones: En la muestra, la mayoría de los pacientes estuvieron incluidos en el grupo etáreo entre 70-79 años de edad. La localización topográfica más frecuente fue el colon sigmoide y el tipo histológico, el adenocarcinoma moderadamente diferenciado. Predominaron los pacientes en el estadio IIIa y el tratamiento con quimioterapia adyuvante más utilizado fue el esquema de Folfox.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is a growing health problem in the world, the increase in the life expectancy of populations, the continuous improvement of screening techniques and the active search for cases, are the reasons why an increase in the global number of cases diagnosed with cancer is reported each year. Objective: To characterize the patients operated on for colorectal cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in patients seen at the multidisciplinary colorectal cancer clinic. The universe was made up of all the patients who attended the consultation in that period, the sample at the authors' criteria was made up of 55 patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. The primary source of the investigation was given by the clinical history. Results: Regarding the relationship between sex and age, a higher frequency was observed in the group of 70-79 years and in the female sex. Regarding the topographic location, there was a predominance in the sigmoid colon with 33 patients for 60% of the sample studied. The moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma histological variant was the one with the highest presentation. Patients in stage IIIa of the disease were more frequent. The most frequently used chemotherapy regimen was Folfox. Conclusions: In the sample, most of the patients were included in the age group between 70-79 years of age. The most frequent topographic location was the sigmoid colon and the histological type was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Patients in stage IIIa predominated and the most widely used adjuvant chemotherapy treatment was the Folfox regimen.

Research progress on the role of non-coding RNA in chemotherapy resistance of osteosarcoma / 中华骨科杂志

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. With the emergence of chemotherapy resistance in recent years, the survival rate of osteosarcoma patients has reached a bottleneck. Therefore, exploration of its chemoresistance mechanism is one of the popular research directions currently. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a class of RNA without the ability to encode proteins, which is classified into microRNA, long non-coding RNA, and circular RNA based on length and shape. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, there is increasing evidence that some non-coding RNAs are abnormally upregulated or downregulated in osteosarcoma cells and affect the response of osteosarcoma to four commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs (methotrexate, doxorubicin, cisplatin and ifosfamide) through mechanisms such as regulation of apoptosis, cell cycle, signaling pathways, intracellular drug concentration, and cellular autophagy. Therefore, thesenon-coding RNAs are expected to be novel targets for osteosarcoma treatment. In this paper, the current studies were searched and reviewed on the above three non-coding RNAs mediating chemoresistance in osteosarcoma, aiming to provide a reference for breaking the bottleneck of survival rate of osteosarcoma patients.

Effects of primary location of colorectal cancer on surgical outcome of liver metastases / 中国基层医药

Objective:To analyze the effects of the primary location of colorectal cancer on the surgical outcome of liver metastases.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on 178 patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer admitted to Binzhou Central Hospital from January 2012 to January 2022. According to whether the patients had recurrence after surgery, they were divided into a recurrence group ( n = 88) and a control group ( n = 90). The general and clinical data were compared between the two groups. Logistic multivariate analysis of the factors with statistical significance was further performed to identify the risk factors of postoperative recurrence of liver metastases from colorectal cancer after surgery. The correlation between the primary location of colorectal cancer and each risk factor was analyzed. The recurrence of colorectal cancer was compared anong patients with different primary locations of colorectal cancer at 12 months after surgery. Results:Primary location at the right colon [55.68% (49/88), lymph node metastasis [92.05% (81/88)], D-dimer ≥ 180 μ g/L, albumin < 29 g/L, ineffective/no neoadjuvant chemotherapy [43.18% (33/38)], and high-risk clinical risk score [53.41% (47/88)] were risk factors for postoperative recurrence of liver metastases from colorectal cancer after surgery ( P = 0.024, 0.019, 0.001, 0.028, < 0.001, 0.001). The primary location of colorectal cancer was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis, D-dimer, and clinical risk score ( P = 0.043, 0.046, 0.030), and negatively correlated with albumin and the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy ( P = 0.004, 0.033). In 178 patients, the recurrence rate of liver metastases from colorectal cancer at 3 months [53.57% (15/70)], 6 months [55.17% (32/70)], and 12 months [55.68% (49/70)] was significantly higher in the right colon compared with the left colon [32.14% (9/40), 24.14% (14/40), 26.14% (23/40) and the rectum [14.29% (4/68), 20.69% (12/68), 18.18% (16/68)] ( χ2= 4.73, 7.85, 6.27, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Right colon, lymph node metastasis, D-dimer, albumin, neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy, and clinical risk score are the risk factors for postoperative recurrence of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Patients with the primary location at the right colon have a higher postoperative recurrence rate.

[Adjuvant treatments for endometrial cancer]. / Traitements adjuvants du cancer de l'endomètre.

ADJUVANT TREATMENTS FOR ENDOMETRIAL CANCER Primary treatment for endometrial carcinoma is surgical. Adjuvant treatment is based on risk profile according to histological type, grade, lymphovascular involvement, FIGO stage and genomic profile. Low-risk patients do not need further treatment and intermediate-risk patients may benefit from brachytherapy. Radiation therapy (for pelvic control) and chemotherapy (for metastatic control) may be discussed for high-intermediate risk patients. For high-risk patients, chemotherapy should be given, most often with radiation therapy.

TRAITEMENTS ADJUVANTS DU CANCER DE L'ENDOMÈTRE Le traitement premier des cancers de l'endomètre est chirurgical. Le traitement adjuvant est fondé sur le niveau de risque de rechute qui dépend du type histologique, du grade, de la présence d'emboles, du stade FIGO et du profil génomique. Si le risque est bas, aucun traitement adjuvant n'est recommandé ; s'il est intermédiaire, une curiethérapie est le plus souvent recommandée. À partir du risque intermédiaire haut peuvent se discuter une radiothérapie externe (pour le contrôle pelvien) et une chimiothérapie (pour le contrôle à distance). Enfin, pour les patientes à haut risque de récidive, la chimiothérapie est recommandée, éventuellement associée à une radiothérapie externe.

Effects of primary granulocyte-colony stimulating factor prophylaxis on neutropenic toxicity and chemotherapy dose delivery in Chinese patients with breast cancer who received adjuvant docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide chemotherapy: a retrospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: This study was performed to examine the effects of primary granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) prophylaxis on neutropenic toxicity, chemotherapy delivery, and hospitalisation among Chinese patients with breast cancer in Hong Kong. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients with breast cancer who received adjuvant docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide chemotherapy from November 2007 to October 2013 at Princess Margaret Hospital. Data were collected regarding the usage of G-CSF prophylaxis; incidences of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, non-neutropenic fever, and infection; hospital admissions, and chemotherapy dose delivery. Patients who began to receive G-CSF prophylaxis during the first cycle of chemotherapy and continued such prophylaxis in subsequent cycles were regarded as the primary G-CSF prophylaxis group. RESULTS: In total, 231 female Chinese patients with breast cancer were included in the analysis. Overall, 193 (83.5%) patients received primary G-CSF prophylaxis. The demographics and tumour characteristics were comparable between patients with and without primary G-CSF prophylaxis. Primary G-CSF prophylaxis significantly reduced febrile neutropenia incidence from 31.6% to 14.5% (relative risk=0.45, 95% confidence interval=0.25-0.81). Primary G-CSF prophylaxis also significantly reduced the incidence of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia from 57.9% to 24.7% (relative risk=0.43, 95% confidence interval=0.30-0.62) and the incidence of febrile neutropenia-related hospital admission from 31.6% to 12.4% (P=0.025). Finally, it enabled more patients to receive adequate chemotherapy dose delivery. CONCLUSION: Primary G-CSF prophylaxis effectively reduced the incidences of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia, while enabling adequate chemotherapy dose delivery and reducing hospital admissions among Chinese patients with breast cancer who received adjuvant docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide chemotherapy.

[Treatment of early and locally advanced stages of non-small cell lung cancer]. / Therapie früher und lokal fortgeschrittener Stadien des nicht-kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms.

Treatment concepts for patients with localized and locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are based on local treatment, surgery and/or radiotherapy, with curative intent. An adjuvant systemic treatment is added after primary resection of an operable NSCLC primarily to reduce the systemic risk of relapse. Locally advanced stages with mediastinal lymph node involvement carry a substantial risk of local and distant recurrence and require multimodal treatment strategies in an interdisciplinary approach. Recently, immunotherapy with programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitors is increasingly being integrated into adjuvant, neoadjuvant or perioperative treatment concepts.